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Bolivia Diaries: Day 8, Part 5 - Festival in Cochabamba: Street Food

by: Jill Richardson

Wed Aug 17, 2011 at 04:00:00 AM PDT


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This diary is part of a series describing my trip to Bolivia to study food sovereignty, agroecology, and climate change. This diary is a photo diary from a festival in Cochabamba, the Festividad de Urkupiña. This week was the big opening day, and we had excellent seats at the parade, which was a magnificent display of traditional Bolivian dancing. This diary covers the street food at the event.

Previous diaries can be seen here:

Day 1, Part 1: The El Alto Market
Day 2: Meetings with Bolivian NGOs
Day 3: Agriculture in Chicani, A La Paz Suburb
Day 4: Coffee!
Day 5: Yungas
Day 6: Yungas to Santiago de Okola
Day 7: Santiago de Okola
Day 8, Part 1: Festival in Cochabamba - Morenada
Day 8, Part 2: Festival in Cochabamba - Morenada
Day 8, Part 3: Festival in Cochabamba - Tinku
Day 8, Part 4: Festival in Cochabamba - Caporales

You can also find diaries from my 2010 trip to Bolivia here.

Jill Richardson :: Bolivia Diaries: Day 8, Part 5 - Festival in Cochabamba: Street Food
The street food at the Festividad de Urkupiña was a mix of traditional Bolivian street food (which is awesome) and traditional U.S. street food (which was likely even worse versions of the crap we eat at home). I didn't get a picture of it, but the Paceña beer was totally flowing. And the place was plastered in Pepsi ads, which was an interesting change for the city because most of Cochabamba is entirely covered in Coca-Cola ads (you can see one behind the Pepsi ad here):


Pepsi banner over the parade, just in front of a Coke ad.

Typical Bolivian fare includes salteñas (these amazing little empanada-like things that are typically made with chicken, full of juice, and difficult to eat without dripping - although they say you are a good kisser if you can eat one without making a mess), mocochinchi (a drink made from dried peaches, sugar, and cinnamon), and pasankalla, a sweetened Andean type of popcorn that pre-dates the Spanish conquest.

I did not see any salteñas at the festival, but as those are typically eaten mid-morning and we were there in the evening, that's no surprise. I did see quite a bit of passionfruit juice for sale, some heavily frosted pastries, and coconuts with straws sticking out of them.


Something Andean that I think is wrapped in corn husks like a tamale


Not a good pic but I think it's pasankalla


Very frosted pastry


Refrescos - Orange, Pineapple, Lemon, and Lime

And, the non-Bolivian total crap that was for sale:


Cotton candy


Candy


Another view of candy


Burgers


Chips... but at least the potato is a native food!


A cholita selling something, probably soda. Notice that her clothes are different than the cholitas in La Paz and the Altiplano. This is how Cochabambino cholitas dress.


Soda - or beer.


Candy and soda


Coca-Cola


More Coke... they even have these guys standing in the road near tollbooths so cars stopped in traffic can buy bottles of Coke.


One of the many loads of cheap crappy toys

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We spent yesterday with a Quechua community (4.00 / 3)
in Cochabamba, which was AMAZING. Today, we are going to Santa Cruz, where we will meet with the agroecology center PROBIOMA and we will see nasty GM soy monoculture, which has taken over much of S. America. Bolivia actually has the least soy of the 5 S. American countries that are covered in it - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay all have more. I can't wait to share what I've been seeing and learning here, although it's going to take quite a bit of work to review my notes and post on it. I might do a post on a dairy farm we visited because that will be easy for me since I know dairy well enough to post on it quickly. But I think there is some value to going in order so I might just wait til I'm home to get started

"I can understand someone from Iowa promoting corn and soy, but we are not feeding the world, we are feeding animals and soft drink companies." - Jim Goodman

old-breed chickens (4.00 / 2)
Maybe you'll see some of the blue egg-laying native chickens Quechua, Quetro and Colloncas. There's a bunch of photos of them on the bottom half of this Feather Site page

[ Parent ]
god I would love that (4.00 / 1)
if you ask anyone here what type of chickens they have, they'll tell you "criollo" (creole). I've got several pics of the chickens here in the highlands. None from the valleys or lowlands. Will see if I can get some though. I'm not going to be in a Quechua area again for the rest of the trip :(

"I can understand someone from Iowa promoting corn and soy, but we are not feeding the world, we are feeding animals and soft drink companies." - Jim Goodman

[ Parent ]
they have muffs/ear tufts (4.00 / 1)
just like Ameraucanas and Araucanas! I would DEFINITELY have noticed that if I saw any chickens with those, since I'm totally Ameraucana crazy. In the highlands I kept seeing a breed with a bit of a crest, feathered feet, and four toes.

"I can understand someone from Iowa promoting corn and soy, but we are not feeding the world, we are feeding animals and soft drink companies." - Jim Goodman

[ Parent ]
Hey Jill, (4.00 / 2)
if you get this soon enough and have a chance, could you ask about what the soy is generally used for?

I know that everyone says that soy is grown primarily or solely for animal feed in the USA, but that's a lie. It's the byproduct of vegetable oil production from soy that's used for animal feeds.

Just wondering what the soy down in Bolivia's being grown for. Animal feed or oils for human consumption?

I had someone from OSPIRG call me a few weeks ago trying to slam soy farmers for growing huge monoculture fields of soy for animal feeds. I corrected him that over 90% of the soy grown in the USA was grown for oil production and asked him if he thought the better use of the byproducts would be to fill landfills or to feed livestock. He agreed that feeding livestock was better than dumping all of it into a land fill.

Normal people scare me.... But not as much as I scare them.


[ Parent ]
soy usage (0.00 / 0)
Pending what Jill writes, I'm betting much of it is grown for export, not domestic consumption. Soy is yet one more crop that requires a lot of water, which is a reason countries like China have outsourced soy production. Another reason China switched from being a large soybean exporter to being a net importer in 1995 was that China's arable land base has been declining since 1988. I'm not saying Bolivian soybeans go to China - I don't know. Most of China's soybean imports are supplied by Brazil.

Concerning soy for animal feed, isn't it true that cattle can consume only a very limited amount of unprocessed soybeans? I don't know about fowl and other animals.


[ Parent ]
That was my understanding (4.00 / 1)
on the unprocessed soy beans and livestock. Maybe pigs and fowl/poultry can consume more unprocessed meal, but I don't know. I think that pigs can handle more distillers grains than cattle too. Different animals can handle different types of feed and in different ammounts. Has to do mostly with how much protein is in the feed.

I had a mare one time who couldn't eat any corn because she was sensitive to the protein in it. This was a long time ago before there were any GMO corn varieties. Poor thing would break out in hives all over her neck. So she got whole unwashed oats instead. Those mostly go right through the horse, so they really don't do that much good as far as a feed supplement. Made her feel like she was getting a treat, and boy did her manure produce the oat crop the next year......

But getting back to the soy and animal feed issue, it just chaps my butt everytime I hear someone say that all these soy beans are being grown for animal feed. It just ain't so. And personally, I'd rather the meal go to produce another food in the form of animal flesh and eggs than go in the dump. What a waste that would be.

Normal people scare me.... But not as much as I scare them.


[ Parent ]
Soybeans contain 19% oil (4.00 / 1)
Canola 43%, corn only 2.8%

Europe imports lots and lots of soy from South America for animal feed. Since many of these countries have anti-GMO laws, I wonder if they extract the oil and then export it to idiots like us or maybe China, or if they feed the 100% soy meal to their animals. After all, soy needs to be cooked anyway:

For human consumption, soybeans must be cooked with "wet" heat to destroy the trypsin inhibitors (serine protease inhibitors). Raw soybeans, including the immature green form, are toxic to humans, swine, chickens, and in fact, all monogastric animals.

Info from wikipedia. Crushing the soybeans to extract the oil raises the temperature enough to cook them. I'd say the oil is a byproduct, even though it is consumed by people and industry.

Kate got quite upset when we saw the film The Future of Food. Since then we haven't eaten GMO products here. She used to have junky food like potato chips and tortilla chips and that sort of crap sitting around. But now we eat no non-organic food made with soybean, corn or canola oil or high-fructose corn syrup. That almost means no more junk food, except when she can find organic junk food. But it also means no frozen cherry pies (they were awful anyway), or most supermarket bakery sweets. I'm happy with that, actually.

Safflower and peanut oil is better to cook with than corn oil or what they call 'vegetable oil' found on supermarket shelves.


[ Parent ]
I think you're wrong about the oil being the byproduct (4.00 / 1)
I think there's much more money in the oil than there is in the meal, although the meal is an important revenue stream as well.

Saying that the processors would extract the oil just to make the soy meal consumable for livestock is like saying that companies make ethanol and consumable anchohol just so they have distillers grains to feed livestock and poultry.

The distillers grains (wet and dry) as well as the oil cake are byproducts that are used by the livestock and poultry industries. It's way cheaper to sell your by product than it is to pay to have it hauled away as garbage.

Normal people scare me.... But not as much as I scare them.


[ Parent ]
Also, I just thought of something else (4.00 / 1)
In the processed food industry a lot of oil is used, vegetable (soy), corn, canola, etc. I have a suspicion that, while safflower and peanut oil might be better in your opinion, if you're buying thousands or millions of gallons of seed oils to manufacture your products, you're probably not going to be using peanut oil. Not if you can produce your product with vegetable oil and have it sell well.

Normal people scare me.... But not as much as I scare them.

[ Parent ]
I was right (4.00 / 1)
Soybeans are used to create a variety of products, the most basic of which are soybean oil, meal, and hulls. According to the United Soybean Board, soybean oil, used in both food manufacturing and frying and sautéing, represents approximately 79 percent of all edible oil consumed in the United States. Soybean oil also makes its way into products ranging from anti-corrosion agents to Soy Diesel fuel to waterproof cement. Over 30 million tons of soybean meal are consumed as livestock feed in a year. Even the hulls are used as a component of cattle feed rations.

At least in the year 2000. I think that home use of soy bean oil is probably the smallest market for the product.

Here's the souce of the quote -
Major Crops Grown in the US from the EPA's website.

Normal people scare me.... But not as much as I scare them.


[ Parent ]
Maybe you were right. (0.00 / 0)
60 billion pounds of meal is a bunch. The value of each product leaving the processors would be good to see but absent that, maybe Crider has a case.

Mentally divide the meal into 100-lb. units, that's 600 million units. What would 100 pounds of meal go for? At least $10? Big money.


[ Parent ]
Soybean swill has such a bad rep (4.00 / 1)
That when Wesson sells their 100% soybean oil product, it names it "100% Natural Vegetable Oil"  

[ Parent ]
Soybean breakdown (4.00 / 1)
Over on the site agricommodityprices.com, the article Soybean & Meal Prices - 18th August They list several soybean prices, I'll pick Argentinas:
Meal, Argentina: $382/ton
Whole beans, Argentina: $530/ton
Oil:, Argentina: $560/ton

Double check my math if you wish. Meal $.19 per lb., beans $.27 per lb., oil $.62 per lb.

At a 19% extraction rate, it takes 5.26 lbs. of soybeans to make 1 lb. of oil. Thus, $1.42 worth of beans to get $.62 worth of oil.

At a 81% extraction rate on that same 5.26 lbs. of soybeans we get 4.26 lbs. of meal, at a price of $.81. So we do, indeed the meal is worth more.

Isn't it weird that the margin for both oil and meal is only a penny above the price of whole beans? Is my math correct?

I also found that hulls are, "routinely removed during crushing of soybeans but are returned to the processing stream to be added to the meal fraction. Hulls are withheld from the meal only if their inclusion would cause the product to exceed the limit of allowable fiber."

I also read somewhere that the US processes approx 50% of its soybeans. Most of the unprocessed beans are probably exported.


[ Parent ]
misprint (4.00 / 1)
soybean oil is $1245 per ton

[ Parent ]
another calculation (4.00 / 1)
0.81 tons meal = $309
0.19 tons oil     = $237

[ Parent ]
Like the other 4 S. American soy producers (4.00 / 1)
(Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay), Bolivia produces soy for export. They process some here, probably not all. They use some veg oil here. Some of the soybean oil is likely used for biofuels too (biodiesel), although perhaps not here. Probably not here. Mostly, it is exported to the EU and China for factory farm animal feed, biofuels, and soybean oil.

"I can understand someone from Iowa promoting corn and soy, but we are not feeding the world, we are feeding animals and soft drink companies." - Jim Goodman

[ Parent ]
Yup, soy beans are increasingly used for (4.00 / 1)
biodiesel. And if you're growing for biodiesel, what are you going to do with the meal? The most cost effective is probably to use it in animal feeds. Pork, poultry and beef.

Normal people scare me.... But not as much as I scare them.

[ Parent ]
There's just so much veggie burgers a person can have (4.00 / 2)
I suppose Morningstar Farms were the first successful marketeer of soy meat burgers. I think most of their products use soy meal or flour. Then there's Textured Vegetable Protein/Textured Soy Protein which I often see in ingredients.

I see soy lecithin in products, and that's probably made from soy meal. Oh, I almost forgot soy milk. I wonder if they use meal or the whole bean for that. Tofu, I know they use the whole bean.
 


[ Parent ]
Yah, well see? (4.00 / 1)
I'll bet that if you look at the total of all products that are made from soy beans, either directly or indirectly, it's all eventually used to produce products for human consumption. Directly for oil, indirectly for feeds (produces eggs and meat for human consumption), other products made from the meal as you noted, which are all for human consumption, etc.

So the saying that soy beans are grown to feed animals really isn't true. It's mostly used to produce foods and other products for human consumption/use.

Wonder what they do with the by products from ink production. A lot of inks are produced from soy beans. You look at the packages at the store, those are mosly printed with soy ink. Read the newspaper as a printed on paper product? That newspaper was most likely printed with ink made from soy beans.

That's why there are huge monocultures of soy plants being grown. It's not for animal feeds (at least not all of it, maybe not even most of it), it's for everything we use that's made from soy. From ink, to meat and eggs, to the cooking oils that everyone is using. And it's all eventually for human consumption.

Normal people scare me.... But not as much as I scare them.


[ Parent ]
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