Researchers have found that exposure of High-Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) to heat raises levels of a toxin harmful to bees and humans -
The researcher from the USDA reached their conclusion after measuring HMF levels in samples of HFCS over a 35 day time frame, at temperatures of 31.5, 40.0, 49.0 and 68.8ºc.
They saw that HMF levels increased steadily with temperature, and that there was a dramatic jump at 49 ºc. The chemical forms as the fructose dehydrates, with mineral and organic acids acting as catalysts.
Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (for a fun read, here is its MSDS) is -
a toxin that causes gut ulceration and dysentery-like symptoms in bees. In humans it has been linked to DNA damage, and its daughter metabolites levulinic and formic acids have also been seen to cause harm.
HFCS is, of course, a ubiquitous ingredient in processed foods and soft drinks, and is also used as feed by many commercial beekeepers.
The study was published in the current issue of The Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
(h/t to Organic George for the link) |